Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry

Family: A column of the periodic table. Elements in the same family are isoelectronic, and have some similar properties.
H
2.1















Li
1.0
 Be
1.5









B
2.0
 C
2.5
 N
3.0
 O
3.5
 F
4.0
Na
0.9
 Mg
1.2









Al
1.5
 Si
1.8
 P
2.1
 S
2.5
 Cl
3.0
K
0.8
 Ca
1.0
 Sc
1.3
 Ti
1.5
 V
1.6
 Cr
1.6
 Mn
1.5
 Fe
1.8
 Co
1.8
 Ni
1.8
 Cu
1.9
 Zn
1.6
 Ga
1.6
 Ge
1.8
 As
2.0
 Se
2.4
 Br
2.8
Rb
0.8
 Sr
1.0
 Y
1.2
 Zr
1.4
 Nb
1.6
 Mo
1.8
 Tc
1.9
 Ru
2.2
 Rh
2.2
 Pd
2.2
 Ag
1.9
 Cd
1.7
 In
1.7
 Sn
1.8
 Sb
1.9
 Te
2.1
 I
2.5
Cs
0.7
 Ba
0.9
 La-Lu
1.1-1.2
 Hf
1.3
 Ta
1.5
 W
1.7
 Re
1.9
 Os
2.2
 Ir
2.2
 Pt
2.2
 Au
2.4
 Hg
1.9
 Tl
1.8
 Pb
1.8
 Bi
1.9
 Po
2.0
 At
2.2
Fr
0.7
 Ra
0.9
 Ac-No
1.1-1.7














Elements in the halogen family (column 17 or VIIA) are all nonmetals, have seven valence shell electrons, and are often found as anions with -1 formal charge (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-). The noble gas family (column 18) are all gases with full valence shells. The alkaline earth family (column 2 or IIA) are all metals that are often found as cations with a +2 formal charge (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Ra2+).